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[虚拟币交流]
以太坊 2026 年转型：为什么基于证明的验证对节点至关重要（转）
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2月11日，以太坊（ETH）开发者和研究人员将齐聚一堂，参加首届L1-zkEVM研讨会。此次活动或将预示着未来以太坊区块验证将变得更快、更轻量、更便捷。( x% D& O' F; k
" d* r" I# n0 N路线图：L1-zkEVM 和 EIP-8025- G$ y# k5 d6 F. w
这项计划属于以太坊 2026 年 L1-zkEVM 路线图的一部分。其核心特性 EIP-8025（也称为可选执行证明）引入了一种新的验证途径。
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与其要求每个验证者重新运行（或“重新执行”）区块内的所有交易，系统将允许被称为 zkAttester 的专门参与者使用零知识 (ZK) 证明来验证区块。
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重要的是，此次升级是可选的。未进行升级的节点将继续按现有方式运行。
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这为什么重要？
' X, C9 u p4 j8 I% S. R; g现在，以太坊为了确认交易的正确性，验证者必须重新执行每个区块中的每笔交易。随着网络活动的增长，这将变得非常消耗资源。2 l7 |- T9 @9 e! d, w
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零知识证明改变了这种局面。验证者无需重复所有计算，只需检查一个加密证明即可确认区块的有效性。验证速度显著提升，硬件资源占用也大幅降低。" ^2 E0 I0 W* L* r7 H' h E& k
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更低的存储、带宽和计算需求，使得在消费级笔记本电脑上运行完全验证节点再次成为可能。+ n$ t# z* s/ m( y# J0 A
( K4 k% Z- j k- Y如果参与成本降低、参与门槛降低，即使 gas 限制和产量增加，个人质押者和家庭验证者也能保持竞争力。" x5 l3 g3 A0 d$ M$ F
# Y4 {, P& X8 [) k% F* ]) E1 {' E安全、架构和全局1 H1 t& x5 G; S0 M
根据 EIP-8025，区块只有在多个独立证明（目前提议为五个证明中至少三个）得到验证后才会被接受。这既保证了客户端的多样性，又降低了对单一实现的依赖。
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声明内容如下：8 t# T5 {: D+ Y$ x4 J
% k3 i( {- ^& m. r$ X; [这项工作分为六个子主题：执行见证和客户程序标准化、zkVM-guest API 标准化、CL 集成、证明器基础设施、基准测试和指标以及使用形式化验证的安全性。
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除了 L1 层之外，此举还有助于规范执行见证人和 zkVM 接口。这将使已经致力于以太坊区块证明的 Rollup 和证明基础设施提供商受益。
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6 ^6 k$ o i0 G) U, Y8 O最后想说的话5 ^ e6 u6 Y8 I
EIP-8025 可以让以太坊区块验证速度更快、重量更轻，从而能够再次在笔记本电脑上运行。$ I. {+ z! l3 S
以太坊将在扩展其基础层的同时，有效提升安全性。! h; n' I9 B. @3 [
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这波升级看着挺硬核，不过对普通节点来说是不是更省事儿了 |
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